Thursday, November 18, 2010
Wednesday, August 25, 2010
Wednesday, August 18, 2010
Do you have children that are approaching the driving age? Are you kids looking into buying their first car? One of the worst things you can do is co-sign for a an auto loan for your kids because, let's face it, they're probably going to make a couple of late payments. If you don't want those late payments showing up on your credit report then you might decide to pay the auto payment yourself. That's not fun. Paying someone else's bills has never been my idea of a good time. I have a better idea.
There is a better way. Your kids cannot get financing because they have no credit at all. Instead of having them go out and establish credit just so they can buy a car, you can have them piggy back on your credit.
Piggy back on your credit? What the heck does that mean?
If you were to add someone to your credit card or department store charge card as an authorized user, that account and its entire payment history will probably show up on that persons credit report. This will give them instant credit. The best part is that these accounts are not new. New accounts really don't help your credit scores because they lack seasoning. Your credit cards are already seasoned. You can add year and years of history to your children's credit be adding them to you accounts as an authorized user. This process is commonly referred to as "piggy backing".
Once the accounts show up on their credit report, their credit scores will now take into consideration the activity on those accounts and the credit scores will sky rocket. Now your kids can go out and get a decent car without getting ripped off by the auto financing companies. The best part is that if and when you kids make a late payment on their car, it won't affect your credit at all.
The only risk is that once they have been added as authorized users, they are legally allowed to use the account if they are given the card. Just don't give them the plastic and you will be fine. Also, each creditor has a certain element on control that they will give you so that you can determine how much an authorized user can spend on that account. Call you credit card companies to find out more about what the potential risks are but don't tell the customer service agent that you are trying to increase your children's credit scores. They are trained to tell you that it doesn't work. If it really didn't work, I'd tell you because all of y accounts are authorized user accounts and my credit score is still in the 800s.
PS: Thanks Grandma for adding me to you 20 year old credit cards as an authorized user. Now have excellent credit scores and I can finance anything I need to and get great terms and payments.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
TrueCredit 3-Bureau Credit Report & Credit Score ![]()
Wednesday, August 11, 2010
You're thinking about a BK huh? Well, it will stigmatize your credit for at least a couple of years. Chapter 7 BKs will stay on your credit report for 10 years from the discharge date. Chapter 11 and 13 will stay on your report for 7 years from the satisfaction date. Some creditors will not want to do business with you at all until the BK falls off the report. Many lenders will do business with you after 2 years. Some lenders will do business with you right away. It is possible to have the BK deleted though the credit repair process.
What are your alternatives? You can continue to pay your bills and try to get back on top of your finances. Of course you will have to continue to pay interest on all of your outstanding debt. The interest payments alone might be too much for you to keep up with and let's face it, nobody likes to pay interest. So continuing to pay down your debt only makes sense if know that you can make headway on your debts and actually get the balances paid down.
Consumer credit counseling, debt management and/or debt counseling; these alternatives are not recommended. These types of companies might negotiate with your lender for easier terms in which to pay off your debt. The problem is, your creditors might still report you as being late if you are only making partial payments. They might also report you as being past due which can ruin your credit score just as much as the late payments. Even worse, sometimes the debt management companies will collect your money while your accounts go from late to charged off. When the account has been charged off by the creditor, the debt settlement company will make an offer to pay off the creditor at a fraction of the original debt.
The BK will damage your credit but it is a much better alternative to debt consolidation, debt management or debt counseling. BK might also be a better option than continuing to try to pay down high interest rate credit cards. That is something that you will have to analyze yourself.
***One very important note about BK.
If you decide to file BK, there will be two things that will happen that will hurt your credit score. The first one is obvious; the BK will actually show up on your credit report and reduce your credit score. The second is a bit less obvious; all of your open and active accounts might be closed through the BK. Every account that has a balance will probably be included in the BK. Through the BK process, all of those accounts will be closed. Since only open and active accounts can contribute positive points towards your credit score, you will have to re-build your credit from scratch...with a BK.
If you can, hold on to a few of your open accounts through the BK. Pick your oldest accounts and pay them off completely. This might allow you to salvage some of your credit so you don't have to start all over again. I've seen people with 720 credit scores 12 months after the BK because they had a few open and active accounts that they held on to through the BK.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
TrueCredit 3-Bureau Credit Report & Credit Score ![]()
Friday, May 21, 2010
I'm going to share a secret with you. This is a rich guy technique. This technique can increase your credit score by hundreds of points. Let me fill you in on some background first.
Credit scores basically work by giving you points based on the activity on your "open and active" accounts. Each one of your open and active accounts contributes a certain amount of points towards your credit score. The amount of points generated by each open and active account is determined by the payment history, the balance and the length of history on the account.
Accounts with a better payment history, a lower balance and a longer history will score the more points.
Let me give you a quick analogy before I give away this technique of mine, so you know where I'm coming from. Since each one of your open and active accounts contributes a certain amount of points towards your credit score, I like to think of each open and active account as a player on my basketball team. Some players are going to score a lot of points because they are well tested veterans while other players might not score as many points.
The goal is to establish the strongest possible team for your credit. You don't want just one player on your team, you have to have at least 5 players on your team to maximize your credit score. Furthermore, you don't want a bunch of rookies on your team, you need a team full of all star players who can put the ball in the basket and score lots of points for you. You need a couple of all star players on your team. You need a Kobe Bryant and a Pau Gasol on your team.
So if you evaluate your team of open and active accounts and see that you are lacking depth or history, there is a great strategy that you can utilize. You can basically add very well seasoned, all star players onto your team.
If you know someone who has a credit card or department store charge card, they can add you onto that account as an "authorized user" and that account, along with its entire payment history, will show up on your credit report.
That is the strongest strategy for most people. This can increase your credit score by over 100 points in some situations. I did this for myself on two different occasions. The first time, the only open and active account that I had was my car loan and it was only about a year old. I had a co-worker add me to her Nordstrom account. My mom added me to a HSBC/Orchard Bank account. My uncle added me to a credit card also. Out of the first three accounts I was added to, only two of them showed up on my credit report but those tow accounts increased my credit score from a 620 to a 670.
The next time I tried this, I had a family member add me onto three of her credit cards. These three accounts were between 15-25 years old. Once again, out of the three accounts I was added onto, only two of them showed up on my credit report but those two accounts brought my scores up from a 680 to a 740.
Because of those two accounts, I now have 20 years of credit history on my credit report even though I'm only 29 years old.
If you have any questions about this strategy, please call me at 866-979-1099 (205)
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
Monday, May 10, 2010
THE TRUTH ABOUT CREDIT SCORES
By: Jack Olson
Many people think that they have a pretty good idea of how credit scores work. But do they really? You would be surprised to learn that much of what you think helps or hurts your credit score will actually do the contrary or have no effect at all. There are so many rumors, lies, exaggerations and urban myths, when it comes to how exactly credit scores are calculated. You will be shocked to know that only 35% of your credit score is affected by your payment history. So what about the other 65%? What else besides payment history is affecting my credit score?
Given the fact that credit plays a huge roll in our lives as American consumers, don’t you think that credit education would be a primary concern for our youths? But you don’t learn this stuff in schools. You don’t learn this stuff when you open a credit card.
According to Nellie Mae survey, “21% of undergraduates with credit cards carry balances between $3000 and $7000.”
Credit card solicitors pay colleges "admission fees" to come onto campus, set up tables, and sell credit cards to students.
WHAT ITEMS ARE IN YOUR CREDIT REPORT?
- Indentifying Information (name, address, date of birth, employment information. Updates to this information come from information you supply to lenders)
- Trade Lines (All of your credit cards and other accounts; date that you opened the accounts, your credit limit, high balance, current balance payment history etc)
- Credit Inquiries (Voluntary and involuntary inquires such as: Account Review Inquiries, Hard Inquiries, Promotional Inquiries)
- Public Records and Collections (Collections, BKs, Foreclosures, Suits, Wage Garnishments, Liens and Judgments)
ITEMS THAT ARE NOT INCLUDED IN YOUR CREDIT SCORE
Although this information may be reflected elsewhere on your credit report, it is not taken into consideration for your credit score.
- Your Age
- Race, Color, Religion, Nationality, Sex or Marital Status
- Occupation, Salary, Employer, Length of Time of Employment
- Location of Residence
- Interest rates charged to you on credit cards or other account
- Any item reported as Child Support or Rental History
- Certain Types of Inquiries (consumer initiated inquires or promotional inquiries)
WHAT GOES INTO CALCULATING MY CREDIT SCORE???
· What goes into your credit score can be grouped into 5 general categories
· The impact of each factor can verify due to different credit scenarios
PAYMENT HISTORY (35% of your score)
· Payments made on time (Car loans, Mtgs, retail accounts, installment loans, credit cards etc.)
· Public Records (BKs, Judgments, Tax Liens, Suits, Wage Adjustments)
· Severity of Delinquency (length of time past due)
· Amount past due on accounts or collections
· Time sense delinquency or attachment of public record or collection
· Number of past due or derogatory accounts
· Account paid as agreed
AMOUNTS OWED (30% of your score)
- Amounts owed on Revolving accounts
- Amounts owed on all accounts
- In some rare cases, Lack of balances
- Number of accounts with balances
- Proportion of Balance to Credit Limits on Bank Revolving or other Revolving accounts
- Proportion of Balance still owing on installment accounts
LENGTH OF HISTORY (15% of your score)
- Time since accounts have been opened
- Number of recently opened accounts
- Time since account activity
- Proportion of new credit vs established credit
- Re-Establishment of new credit following adverse payment problems
TYPES OF CREDIT USED (10% of your score)
- Number if various types of accounts following past payment problems
- Number of various types of accounts (Credit cards, Retail Accounts, installment loans, mortgages, consumer finance accounts, etc.)
NEW CREDIT/INQUIRIES (10% of your score)
- Number of recently opened accounts
- Number of recent inquiries
- Time since inquiry
- Time since account opening
Your credit score takes into consideration all of these factors. In some situations, one factor can have a larger influence on one persons credit score. This depends on each individual credit situations and credit history. It is almost impossible to say exactly how much each factor will influence ones credit score due to the limitless possibilities.
ADVICE GIVEN BY CREDIT BUREAUS IN REGARDS TO HAVING AN IMPROVED CREDIT SCORE: “manage credit responsibly over time.”
PAYMENT HISTORY TIPS
- Pay your bills on time (Obvious. New late payments of collections have the large impact on the score. Only 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180+ lates report on your credit.)
- If you are past due for any reason, Get Current! (The longer you remain current and pay your bill on time, the higher you credit score will be)
- Paying off a collection or any other type of account will not remove it from your credit report.
- Be careful about closing accounts (this may result in losing valuable credit score points associated with that account)
AMOUNT OWED TIPS
- Keep balances low on credit cards and other revolving accounts (A general rule of thumb here is to keep your balances below 50% of the credit limit or high balance. In most cases it is beneficial to remain under 30% of the credit limit or high balance)
- Pay off debt instead of moving it around. (One of the most effective ways to improve your credit score is to pay down the balances on your credit cards or other revolving accounts. Owing the same amount but having fewer open accounts may result in a lower credit score. Keep as many of your revolving account below 50% of the credit limits of high balance. It may be beneficial to consolidate debt onto one account if you can get two or more account balances below 50% of the credit limit or high balance that were otherwise above that limit.
- Don’t open new accounts to increase your available credit. (This can backfire and actually lower your score. This is most likely due to that idea that new accounts may lower your credit score and add inquiries)
LENGTH OF CREDIT HISTORY TIPS
- If you have a credit history that is not well seasoned, stay away from opening new accounts to rapidly. (New accounts generally bring the scores down temporarily especially if you have a lack of credit or a lack of established credit history. Rapid account build up can be seen as a risk factor.)
- Re-Establish yourself after prior payment history problems. (Opening new accounts responsibly and paying them off on time will increase your credit score in the long term. This may not be a suitable strategy for increasing the scores in the short term)
- Try to avoid Consumer Finance companies when possible. Too many consumer finance companies can be seen as an adverse factor. What is a consumer finance company? It is a creditor known to lend to consumers with less than perfect credit history.
TYPES OF CREDIT TIPS
- Apply for and open accounts only as needed. (Opening new accounts is not a short term solution.)
- It is a good rule of thumb to have 5 open and active revolving accounts along with 2 installment accounts
CREDIT INQUIRIES
A credit inquiry will appear on your credit report when your credit report is pulled. There are many types of credit inquiries. Inquiries must be made with Permissible Purpose. You do not necessarily need to give a creditor or party authorization for them to have permissible purpose.
HARD INQUIRIES (These inquiries affect your credit score. When you apply for a mortgage, auto loan, credit card or other type of account, you authorize the lender to obtain a copy of your credit report. These types of credit inquiries when prompted by your own actions appear on your credit report and will impact your credit score.)
- Avoid an excessive amount of inquiries. (What is excessive? This depends on the depth of the credit profile. 5+ inquiries may be excessive for people with a lack of credit)
- If you are shopping for a mortgage or automobile and you know you will incur multiple inquiries make sure you have your credit pulled within in a short, focused amount of time. Depending on which scoring system you are dealing with, you may have a 15 day, 30 day or 45 day window to shop for and apply for credit for the purpose of obtaining a mortgage of automobile financing thus incurring inquires without the inquiries counting against you separately. The scoring system recognizes that you are shopping and will count the multiple inquires as a singular inquiry if it falls within the allotted time frame.
ACCOUNT REVIEW INQUIRIES & CONSUMER BASED INQUIRIES
- These types of inquiries do not affect your credit score. When you choose to pull your own credit report through an online resource such as TrueCredit.com or Myfico.com it is considered a consumer based inquiry and will not affect your credit score. Also, many of your creditors or collection agencies have the ability to pull your credit report to review your account activity. Credit reports pulled by a prospective employer when applying for employment will not affect your score.
PROMOTIONAL INQUIRIES
- In many cases a company will pull your credit report in order to send you pre-approved credit offers or other promotional offerings. These inquiries do not affect your credit score although there is much non-sense about an increase of credit scores upon prohibiting the ability of creditors to pull a promotional inquiry.
- To prohibit the ability of creditors pulling your credit report for Promotional purposes you must OPT Out by calling 888-867-8688
AVERAGE CREDIT STATISTICS (From Fair Isaac)
- Average consumer has 13 credit obligations
- Of these 13 items, 9 are likely to be credit cards and 4 are likely to be installment loans
- 40% of credit card holders carry a balance of less than $1000
- 48% of consumers carry less than $5000 of debt on all non-mortgage loans
- 37% carry more than $10,000 in non-mortgage related debt
- Typical consumer has access to $19,000 on all credit cards combined
- More than half of all consumers with credit cards carry a balance less than 30% of their total credit limits
- 14% of people are using over 80% of their total credit limits.
- The average consumer’s oldest account is 14 years old.
- 25% of consumers have credit histories longer than 20 years
- 1 in 20 consumers have credit histories less than 2 years old
.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Jack,
Is it better for my wife and I to get combined accounts or should we rather maintain separate credit card accounts with a secured card from Orchard Bank? Which will help build our credit faster?
R-
Hello R-
I hope everything is going well for you. I recommend opening two separate accounts. Once the accounts gain 8-12 months of seasoning, you can add each other to the accounts as an authorized user and further supplement your credit. At that point you will have two accounts that, although still new, will contribute in a positive way towards your credit score.
If you were to open two new accounts individually, you will see a greater initial decrease in credit scores because each new account will actually hurt your score. The scores will be reduced until the account attains a credit rating 6 months down the line. If you add two new accounts at once, the scores will decrease even more.
If you open an account, the scores will drop a bit for a while, then will increase when the accounts get rated. At that point, you can share your accounts with each other and thus, share your credit score increase.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
Friday, April 23, 2010
Is the collection (reporting currently) keeping his scores down? He needs two more points.
Mahalo! ~T
Hi T,
Yes, there are a few collection that are keeping his credit score down. I would worry about the collections too much. If you only need a couple of points, I recommend addressing some of the revolving balances. Balances influence 30% of the FICO scores. That's 255 points!!
If you look at this credit scores, you will see a list of the top factors reducing each one of his scores. You will see that the number two reason listed with all three credit agencies is, "proportion of balances to credit limits is too high on bank revolving or other revolving accounts." If we address that factor, we can increase his credit score well beyond a couple of points.
I notice that he has only one open and active revolving account with a balance that exceeds 50% of the credit limit. That is his account with FCU. That account has a limit of $1000 and a balance of $849. I recommend paying that balance down below 50% of the limit which would be $499 or less.
Since his scores all state that high balances on his revolving account are affecting his score, we can pretty much determine that they are talking about his HCFCU account since it's the only account with a derogatory balance. Adjusting this balance should have a huge impact on the score.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
Do you need to improve your credit or credit score? Do you need to find out if you have collections, charge offs, late payments, public records etc? The first step in improving your credit is to obtain a credit report for yourself to review. There are many websites that offer credit reports and credit monitoring. Since I see dozens of credit reports every day, I thought I'd give you a list of the best and the worst credit monitoring websites available today.
There are several websites that offer good credit reports free of charge. Of course there is a catch, they will sign you up for a membership and if you don't cancel within the "trial membership" they will charge you. If you cancel they charge you nothing.
There are many sites that offer this service. I recommend two of them.
These guys give you a 30 day trial membership and then cost $15 per month. They provide you with a very accurate and detailed tri-merge credit report (a report from all three credit bureaus). They allow you to fully update your credit report with all three bureaus every 30 days. They allow you to update your Trans Union report every 24 hours. The credit scores available on this site are called Vantage scores and they are way off. Don't pay attention to the scores on this site.
This site gives you only a 7 day trial membership and then costs $20 per month. They provide you with a tri-merge credit report which is also pretty accurate and somewhat detailed. Unfortunately they do not provide a 7 year payment history on your accounts like truecredit does. They only let you see a 2 year history. They let you fully update your credit report every 24 hours. The credit scores are much closer to the FICO scoring model but are still not accurate.
I do not recommend the following websites:
They only give you an Experian credit report. They also charge something like $30 per month for their one bureau credit monitoring program. It's expensive and only a third of what you need. Plus their advertisements and jingles are annoying.
My Dad got his credit report from this website. It was 40 pages and the most confusing information ever. He tried for hours to figure out how to read that report. He called me very angry and ready to give up (maybe they confuse and frustrate on purpose). I got him a truecredit account and his credit report with them was only 5 pages long and very straight forward, very easy to read. He was soooo relieved. I could tell he was very stressed out by the equifax credit report. They are a confusing mess of duplicated information and a huge waste of paper. What more can you expect from a company that directly inspired congress to pass the Fair Credit Reporting Act?
I used to like this site but they have changed. If you want identity theft insurance, this is the site for you. They've changed their format and now resemble Equifax.com due to their duplicated information. They only allow you to update every 90 days. Not convenient.
There are many other websites out there and new ones popping every week. I just got a report from www.mycredithealth.com It seems to be a good report. They are $30 per month. They let you update every 30 days I think. I'm not too sure because I like $15 per month at truecredit that I like $30 with someone else.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
Thursday, April 22, 2010
Once you learn how the credit scoring system works, you can evaluate your own credit report. Here is an e-mail response to a loan officer who had asked me to review his clients credit report.
There are a few things that can be done to increase this clients credit score.
Since the balances on our accounts influence 30% of the credit score, I'll always look for account balance adjustments that are easy and will increase the credit score.
HFC FED CU
Balance: $435
Limit: $500
Pay down below 30% of the credit limit: $149.00
Also, I noticed that the balance on the other account with HFC is above 50% of the limit. This balance need to be reduced by $1261 in order to get it below 50% of the credit limit. I noticed that she has an account with AMGEN that has a huge amount of open credit. The limit is $4000 and the balance is only $465. She can take $1261 from this account and have both accounts below 50% of the credit limit.
Since the FICO scoring system only rates your "open and active" accounts, her 5 1/2 year old account with Macys is not being evaluated. The last time that she used her account with Macys was back in 12/08. I recommend that she uses the account to show activity. The limit is only $100 so ask her not to spend more than $20 or so.
Making these adjustments might allow her score to increase anywhere from 20-35 points. Removing some of her late payments will allow her score to increase much more than that. If we have even an average amount of success removing some of her late payments and she was to make the adjustments recommended above, I could see her score increasing by 50-70 points within about 30 days.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
INCREASING CREDIT SCORES / PAYING OFF INSTALLMENT ACCOUNTS VS PAYING DOWN REVOLVING ACCOUNTS
Here is an e-mail that I just sent out. It is very educational. For more credit score education, read the following article: http://www.creditrepairwholesale.com/Credit_Score_Education.html
Congratulations on paying off your installment account with Reliable Credit. Once we get that updated on your credit report your credit score will go down. I know that I have talked to you about this before. If you remember, FICO scores only give you points based on OPEN and ACTIVE accounts. Once you pay off an installment loan the account closes and you lose the points that you earned while paying the account on time.
If you want to refinance your bike and you want to walk in to the finance office with the best possible FICO scores, there's what you need to do.
Pay the following account balances below 50% of the credit limit:
1st Tech Credit Union
Current Balance: $607
Limit: $700
Please pay down below: $349
1st Tech Credit Union
Current Balance: $383
Limit: $500
Please pay down below: $249
1st Tech Credit Union
Current Balance: $373
Limit: $500
Please pay down below: $249
The balances on your accounts influence 30% of your credit score. That's 255 points. FICO doesn't care what the balances are on your installment loans (your loan with reliable credit is an installment loan) unless that balance is past due or upside down. They grade you heavily based on the balances on your revolving accounts (1st Tech Credit Union). If your balance is above 50% of the credit limit, your score will drop about 7-15 points for each account. By reducing the balances on the three accounts listed above, you may see your credit score increase by about 20-30 points.
On another note, there was a collection deleted from Equifax on the latest round. Your scores went up as well.
EQ from 729 to 735
XP from 723 to 780
TU from 738 to 786
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
Friday, April 16, 2010
WHEN TO RAPID RESCORE
Typically people rapid re-score information on their accounts when they are getting ready to use their credit to apply, purchase or refinance. It is during this time that you need to have the most current information updated on your credit report especially if you have just paid down some balances on credit cards.
Before you use your credit, it's a good idea to pull a copy of your credit report. Review each one of your accounts and ask the following questions:
1. Are my account balances reporting accurately and are they up to date?
2. Are any of my accounts past due or upside down?
3. Can I reduce the balances on any one of my revolving accounts below 50% or 30% of the credit limit? Or better yet, a zero balance?
4. Are my accounts active?
If you see that any of your accounts are past due or upside down you will definitely want to fix those accounts up. Being upside down or past due can severely reduce your credit score. It's really almost as bad for your credit scores as a new 30 late payment.
If you review your credit and find that you need to make adjustments or updates, it it highly advisable that you do so. The balances on your accounts influence 30% of your credit score which is 255 points. Just by reducing the balance on one of your accounts to an amount that is below 50% of the limit can increase your credit score by 7-15 points. If you reduce two or three, then you will see an even greater increase.
One of the best things you can do for your credit scores is to pay your revolving balances down to $0.00. This will maximize your credit scores.
If you see that the date of last activity on one of your revolving accounts is over 12 months or you see that there has been no new information contributed by that account in some time, the account has gone inactive and needs to be utilized. I always looks for old department store cards or jewelry accounts. If you see an account that hasn't been used in a long time, go out and make a purchase on that account, then get me a letter from that creditor reflecting the most current balance. In this case, I will rapid re-score the account to actually show a balance since this will prove that the account is active again. This can contribute a large amount of points to your credit score if you have a lack of credit. It's all very subjective of course. If you have a few open revolving accounts but they lack seasoning and you end up re-activating a jewelry account you opened 8 years ago then your credit scores are going to increase in a huge way because you are adding some serious seasoned accounts to your FICO score evaluations. I'm sure many people have low credit scores due to inactivity, maybe they have no scores at all. They might not be aware that all they have to do is spend a few bucks on their accounts to have their credit scores sky rocket.
If you make an adjustment to your account balances or you see that your credit report doesn't accurately reflect the most current balance information, you may want to process a rapid re-score to make sure that the balances information gets updated. If you pay down your credit card today, it can take anywhere from a couple of days or a couple of months for that account balance to get updated on your credit report. That's why we process rapid re-scores. To make sure that stuff gets updated in time. There's no sense in walking into your dealership or bank and getting into some type of financing with outdated credit information on your report. That 10, 15 or 25 points that you're not getting because your credit report is outdated could cost your thousands, sometimes millions of dollars in interest and finance charges.
Warm Regards,
Jack B. Olson
